Actinomicosis primaria de pared abdominal simuladora de sarcoma de partes blandas / Primary abdominal wall actinomycosis sarcoma simulator

La actinomicosis es una patología poco frecuente y su manifestación en la pared abdominal es más infrecuente aún. Está causada por Actinomyces israeli, una bacteria filamentosa, anaerobia estricta, gram positiva, que es comensal en el organismo y que en su forma patógena produce fibrosis, tejido de granulación y abscesos. La forma más frecuente es la cérvico-facial. Presentamos un caso de actinomicosis de pared abdominal diagnosticado postoperatoriamente, con sospecha prequirúrgica de proceso tumoral, por lo que queremos hacer especial mención acerca de la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial de actinomicetoma ante la presencia de una masa abdominal (AU)

Actinomycosis is an uncommon disease, and abdominal wall actinomycosis is rare. It is caused by Actinomyces israeli, a filamentous, gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria that lives in our organism and when the infection progresses, granulomatous tissue, extensive reactive fibrosis and necrosis, abscesses are formed. Infection involving the cervicofacial area is most common. We report a case of abdominal wall actinomycosis diagnosed postoperativerly with preoperative suspected tumor process, so we want to make special mention in the differential diagnosis of actinomycetoma with an abdominal mass (AU)

Adherencias postoperatorias. Estudio experimental en la rata / Postoperative adhesions: experimental study in rats

Introducción. Las adherencias postoperatorias suponen la primera causa de oclusión intestinal en pacientes operados en el mundo occidental. En su etiopatogenia se han involucrado un gran número de agentes y gestos quirúrgicos, que podrían potenciar la formación de adherencias. Objetivo. Nos propusimos estudiar la influencia de algunos de estos productos de uso habitual en cirugía. Material y método. Fueron intervenidas 130 ratas Sprague- Dawley, divididas en 11 grupos de 12 ratas cada uno, salvo el grupo control, con 10 ratas, en las que se instilaron los siguientes productos: povidona yodada, agua oxigenada, sue ro fisiológico a 37 °C, sangre autóloga, Tissucol®, Trazograf®, malla de Prolene y gasa quirúrgica, y se llevaron a cabo gestos como desperitonización de 1 cm2, manoseo de asas, además del grupo control que consistió en apertura simple y cierre de la cavidad abdominal. Todas las ratas fueron intervenidas mediante incisión de laparotomía media y fueron sacrificadas a los 60 días de esta primera intervención. Se valoraron el número de adherencias, el grosor de las mismas, la separabilidad, la vascularización, así como los órganos implicados en las adherencias, cuya cuantificación permitió definir un índice adherencial individual y para cada grupo de ratas. A continuación se analizó si existían o no diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos. Resultados. Se presentaron adherencias en el 63,5 por ciento de los animales intervenidos. Se objetivó que, de manera global, existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en cuanto a la presentación de adherencias se refiere, entre los diferentes grupos (p < 0,001). Los grupos que mayormente producían adherencias de un modo significativo fueron los compuestos por los cuerpos extraños y la povidona yodada, que presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en cuanto al índice adherencial obtenido, prácticamente con cada uno del resto de los grupos estudiados. Conclusiones. Con independencia de que se considere la determinante susceptibilidad individual en la formación adherencial, se recomienda limitar el uso de determinados productos en la cavidad abdominal en función de su potencial adhesiogénico (AU)

[Basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum. A rare localization linked to a bad prognosis]. / Carcinoma basocelular del escroto. Una rara localización ligada a mal pronóstico.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum. METHODS: In a review of 56 scrotal tumors, we found 4 primary neoplasias, 3 benign mesenchymal tumors and one malignant tumor, the basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum described herein. RESULTS: A 52-year-old patient with no remarkable urological or dermatological history, complained of an excrescence in the right hemiscrotum that he had noted for several years. A clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum was made and the lesion was surgically excised. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer in the middle-aged and elderly, but localization to the scrotum is rare. It is a tumor that grows locally and rarely metastasizes, although scrotal tumors are much more aggressive and patients should therefore be followed very closely after resection of the tumor.

[Analysis of 34 cases of distal hypospadias treated by modified Koff's technique]. / Análisis de 34 casos de hipospadias distal intervenidos mediante la técnica de Koff modificada.

Koff's procedure in the treatment of distal hypospadias consist in a large mobilization of the distal urethra. The association to a transglandular funelization and minimal urethroplasty is useful for the treatment in the majority of patients with distal hypospadias. In the last two years 34 patients with distal types of hypospadias were operated with a Koff's modified procedure. The technique consists in a urethral advancement without glanduloplasty and distal cutaneous tubulization. The primitive meatal localization was subcoronal (n = 22), glandular (n = 6), and on the distal shaft (n = 6). In 10 cases urethral catheters was not necessary. A patient develops a proximal fistula successfully treated with 14 days catheterization. Cosmetic and functional results were good in all cases. Extensive urethral mobilization can be done in cases of distal hypospadias and is evidence of the preserved vascularity and viability of the mobilized urethra.

[Alternatives to splenectomy in the surgical treatment of splenic injuries]. / Alternativas a la esplenectomía en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los traumatismos esplénicos.

Children with splenic trauma are managed conservatively in most circumstances, and the need for surgical interventions is very rare. When a surgical exploration is mandatory, splenic preservation is a worthwhile objective, using various suture methods, biomaterials, or resorbable prosteses. We present our experience over the 4 years with 9 severe splenic injuries. Six of this patients were treated operatively with a reabsorvable mesh, while the other 3 were managed percutaneosly by selective embolization of the splenic artery under fluoroscopic control. We describe our experience in the treatment of the splenic injuries in the last four years.

[Anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with CO2: comparison of the hemodynamic and respiratory behavior using 2 different anesthetic techniques]. / Anestesia en la colecistectomía laparoscópica con CO2: comparación del comportamiento hemodinámico y ventilatorio con dos técnicas anestésicas diferentes.

OBJECTIVES: To study cardiopulmonary function in 30 ASA I and II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with CO2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients were given total anesthesia with propofol (group PRO) and 15 inhaled isoflurane (group ISO). In addition to the usual monitoring, we used esophageal Doppler ultrasonogram (ED) to study the hemodynamic status after pneumoperitoneum (NP) at 15 mmHg, after the patient had been placed in anti-Trendelenburg (AT) position, and 10, 20 and 30 minutes after NP (series 1). We also studied response to reduction of NP from 15 mmHg to 12, 10, 8 and 6 mmHg (series 2), repeating this sequence when duration of surgery permitted (series 3). RESULTS: In group PRO, cardiac index (CI) decreased 17.96% (NS) after NP and 24.90% (p = 0.015; r = 0.71) after AT. In group ISO, the decreases were 15.86% (p = 0.02; r = 0.69) and 22.34% (p = 0.02; r = 0.80), respectively. Correlated flow time (FTc) and peak velocity (PV) decreased, while the index of total peripheral resistance (TPRI) increased with NP and AT. Recovery of CI was gradual and spontaneous (series 1). The decreases in NP pressure did not produce significant improvement in IC. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of NP and placement in AT position causes significant decreases in CI as measured by ED in ASA I and II patients, whether they inhale the anesthetic agent or are given total intravenous anesthesia. This effect seems to be related to the increase in afterload, measured in this study by TPRI and the ratio PV/FTc.

[Colorectal cancer in the context of multiple primary malignant neoplasms]. / El cáncer colorrectal en el contexto de las neoplasias primarias malignas múltiples.

INTRODUCTION: The finding of more than one carcinoma throughout the life of a patient is not unusual. In fact, the occurrence of multiple primary cancers has been well documented. However, the features, implications and prognosis of colorectal cancers associated to other malignancies, have been less well documented. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We report 29 patients with multiple primary neoplasms in which at least one of them was a colorectal cancer. Number, extension and localization of colonic neoplasm, and time interval between diagnosis of both neoplasms, and mortality and survival rate were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 360 months. RESULTS: Twenty three patients had two cancers, and six more than three neoplasms. Colorectal cancer was primary in 8 patients, metachronous in 14 patients and synchronous in 5 patients. Breast (7 cases), prostate (5 cases), endometrium (3 patients) and stomach (3 cases), were the other malignancies most frequently detected. Overall, 13 of the 27 patients (49%) died during the follow-up period after the recognition of the colorectal cancer. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Mantel-Haenszel test did not show significative differences in survival between patients with two or more neoplasms. There were no differences in survival depending upon the timing of diagnosis of the colorectal tumor. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that colorectal cancer may share etiologic factors with hormone-dependent neoplasms (breast, prostate) and gastric cancer. In patients with primary multiple neoplasms, the number of neoplasms detected and the interval time between both diagnosis are not prognostic factors when one of the malignancies in colorectal cancer.